A severe heatwave has hit parts of north and central India, resulting in multiple fatalities due to sunstroke. Aurangabad in Bihar reported at least five deaths, while Odisha's Rourkela saw ten more heat-related deaths. Delhi recorded an unprecedented temperature of 52.9 degrees Celsius, though the India Meteorological Department (IMD) suspects this could be due to sensor error.
How Do Heatwaves Arise?
Experts attribute the heatwave to post-El Niño warming. The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, involving shifts in ocean surface temperatures and trade winds, influences global climate patterns. Despite weakening El Niño conditions, residual effects continue to drive higher temperatures, exacerbated by greenhouse gases.
Causes of North India's Heat
Geographical Factors: Delhi and surrounding areas are far from oceans that regulate temperature, affected instead by continental and tropical air masses.
Loss of Tree Cover: Extensive deforestation has reduced natural shade and cooling, with India losing 2.33 million hectares of tree cover from 2001 to 2023.
Urban Heat Island Effect: Urbanization leads to higher local temperatures due to materials like concrete and asphalt absorbing and retaining heat. Cities like Delhi experience reduced nighttime cooling.
Is the Delhi Heat Action Plan Enough?
Delhi's Heat Action Plan for 2024-2025 exists but needs better implementation, funding, and a focus on socio-economic disparities. Experts suggest that without immediate action, the city will struggle to manage increasing temperatures in the future. Key concerns include the lack of financing strategies and the need for legal frameworks to ensure effective implementation.
Severe Heatwave in North and Central India
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