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Category: GS-1

  • Infographic on Pandyan Kings

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    Read about Pandyan kings with details on architecture and timelines.

  • What is Constructivism

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    Definition Constructivism is a theory of International Relations (IR) that argues the international system is not a fixed, material reality — it is socially constructed through the shared ideas, norms, identities, and beliefs of states and other actors. In other words, “anarchy is what states make of it” — a phrase coined by Alexander Wendt…

  • Red Sea UPSC

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    Red Sea — Geography Note (UPSC Relevance) Context: Ties into today’s news of the Indian-flagged vessel MSV Faize Noore Oliya sinking off Yemen’s coast in the Red Sea (Page 4, The Hindu, 5 August 2026), amid ongoing Houthi attacks on shipping. Basic Profile Bordering Countries Sub-region Countries Western (African) coast Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti Eastern…

  • Banchhada Community of Madhya Pradesh: Why Girls Are Celebrated at Birth but Forced into Sex Work

    Banchhada Community of Madhya Pradesh: Why Girls Are Celebrated at Birth but Forced into Sex Work

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    Banchhada Community: A Disturbing Social Reality in Madhya Pradesh The Banchhada community, a de-notified tribe primarily residing in the districts of Mandsaur, Neemuch, and Ratlam in western Madhya Pradesh, has long been associated with a deeply rooted social practice where girls are expected to enter sex work after reaching puberty. While the birth of a…

  • The Koya People: Key Facts for UPSC Aspirants

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    1. Introduction 2. Distribution Majorly found in: Important Region: Godavari River Basin. The Koyas call themselves as “Koithur“They are said to have migrated to central India from their original home in Bastar, northern India. Traditionally, they were pastoralists and shifting cultivators, but nowadays, they have taken to settled cultivation supplemented by animal husbandry and seasonal…

  • Curzon-Kitchener Controversy (1901-1905)

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    UPSC History Static Notes I. Context & Background A. Administrative Structure in 1901 At the turn of the 20th century, British India’s military-civilian administrative interface was contested territory. The structure consisted of: Civilian Authority: Viceroy & Governor-General held supreme authority over all departments, including military. Military Authority: Commander-in-Chief (Kitchener from 1900) commanded all forces and…