Track 1/1.5/2 Diplomacy

Track Diplomacy — Conceptual Framework

Track 1 Diplomacy

Official, government-to-government diplomacy conducted by authorized representatives — diplomats, ministers, heads of state. Formal, binding, follows protocol (e.g., Foreign Secretary-level talks, summit meetings).

Track 1.5 Diplomacy

A hybrid format where government officials participate alongside non-official actors (academics, retired diplomats, think-tank experts) but in their personal/informal capacity.

Allows more candid exchange without official commitment — officials can float ideas or test positions without binding the government.

• Example: A serving diplomat attending a think-tank roundtable with counterparts, speaking “off the record”

Track 2 Diplomacy

Entirely unofficial — conducted by non-state actors: academics, former diplomats, journalists, civil society, business leaders. No government representatives in official capacity.